World Wheat Facts and Trends 1995/96

Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union* PRODUCERS
          Former      
    Albania Azerbaijan Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Hungary Kazakhstan** Kyrgyzstan
  General indicators             4.7
1 Estimated population, 1995 (million) 3.4 7.6 8.8 15.6 10.2 17.1  
2 Estimated growth rate of population,             1.6
  1993-2000 (%/yr) 1 1.1 -0.5 0.3 -0.4 0.6 630
3 Per capita income 1994 (US $) 380 500 1250 2877 3840 1160  
4 Average per capita cereal production,             243
  1993-95 (kg/yr) 196 136 672 647 1016 951  
5 Growth rate of per capita cereal production, 1985-95 (%/yr) -8.5 … -1.6 -1.7 -3.8 … …
                 
  Production of wheat and all cereals              
6 Average wheat area harvested,              
  1993-95 (000 ha) 157 460 1200 1233 1049 12635 334
7 Average wheat yield, 1993-95 (t/ha) 2.7 1.6 3 4.4 4 0.7 1.8
8 Average wheat production 1993-95 (000 t) 428 734 3643 5484 4165 9222 616
9 Growth rate of wheat area 1951-66 (%) 1 … -1.7 0.5 -2.1 … …
10 Growth rate of wheat area 1966-77 (%) 4 -1.3 -2.1 3.3 1 -0.2 -3.5
11 Growth rate of wheat area 1977-1985 (%) -0.7 -3.8 2.7 -0.6 1 -1.2 -3.9
12 Growth rate of wheat area 1985-95 (%) -4 6.6 0.7 0.1 -3.3 -2.6 5.2
13 Growth rate of wheat yield 1951-66 (%) -0.2 … 3.1 2 2.7 … …
14 Growth rate of wheat yield 1966-77 (%) 6.1 5.2 3.3 3.9 5.3 -1.3 4.8
15 Growth rate of wheat yield 1977-85 (%) 3.8 3.2 -1 3.2 3.2 -4.2 0
16 Growth rate of wheat yield 1985-95 (%) -2 -5.4 -1.7 -1 -2 -3.4 -5.1
17 Growth rate of wheat production, 1951-66 (%) 0.8 … 1.4 2.5 0.6 … …
18 Growth rate of wheat production, 1966-77 (%) 10.1 3.9 1.3 7.2 6.4 -1.5 1.3
19 Growth rate of wheat production, 1977-85 (%) 3.1 -0.6 1.7 2.7 4.2 -5.4 -3.9
20 Growth rate of wheat production, 1985-95 (%) -6 1.3 -1 -1 -5.4 -6 0
21 Wheat area as percent of total cereal area (average), 1993-95 (%) 58 71 56 50 38 62 57
22 Average yield of all cereals, 1993-95 (t/ha) 2.5 1.6 2.8 4.1 3.7 0.8 1.9
23 Growth rate of yield of all cereals,              
  1951-95 (%/yr) 3.1 2.7 2.4 2.5 3 0.7 2.2
                 
  Trade and utilization              
24 Average net imports of wheat, 1992-94 (000 t) 462 318 -136 -8 -705 -7800 610
25 Average net imports of wheat per capita,              
  1992-94 (kg/yr) 136 43 -15 0 -68 -461 134
26 Average per capita wheat consumption,              
  1992-94 (kg/yr) 244 … 390 295 264 410 …
27 Growth rate of per capita wheat consumption, 1985-94 (%/yr) 1.7 … -1.9 -3.7 -5.5 … …
                 
  Prices and input use              
28 Percent of total wheat area under semidwarf wheat varieties, 1994 … … 80 90 60 60 …
29 Nitrogen applied per hectare of wheat harvested, 1993-94 (kg nutrients/ha) … … 70 57 95 2 …
30 Farm prices of wheat, 1993-94 (US $/ton) … … 53 115 91 70 …
31 Ratio of farm level nitrogen price to wheat price, 1993-94 … … 8.4 3 4.4 5.3 …
32 Farm wage in kg of wheat per day, 1993-94 … … 57 67 50 71 …



*  Variables 26 and 27 exclude most of the former Soviet Union due to unavailability of data.
** Variable 24 for Kazakhstan comes from 1992 only.

Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union* (cont'd) PRODUCERS
        Moldova     Russian
    Latvia Lithuania Republic Poland Romania Federation
  General indicators            
1 Estimated population, 1995 (million) 2.6 3.7 4.4 38.6 22.7 147
2 Estimated growth rate of population,            
  1993-2000 (%/yr) -0.8 -0.1 0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.3
3 Per capita income 1994 (US $) 2320 1350 870 2410 1270 2650
4 Average per capita cereal production,            
  1993-95 (kg/yr) 352 654 480 608 785 535
5 Growth rate of per capita cereal production, 1985-95 (%/yr) … … … -1.3 -1.2 …
               
  Production of wheat and all cereals            
6 Average wheat area harvested,            
  1993-95 (000 ha) 105 312 325 2430 2392 23588
7 Average wheat yield, 1993-95 (t/ha) 1.9 2.3 3.3 3.4 2.7 1.5
8 Average wheat production 1993-95 (000 t) 206 724 1060 8190 6372 35264
9 Growth rate of wheat area 1951-66 (%) … … … 0.4 0.7 …
10 Growth rate of wheat area 1966-77 (%) 2.2 6.3 -2.7 0.6 -2.4 -1.9
11 Growth rate of wheat area 1977-1985 (%) 6 7.4 -7.7 -0.4 0.6 -4
12 Growth rate of wheat area 1985-95 (%) -0.4 2.1 3.4 2.4 -1 -0.8
13 Growth rate of wheat yield 1951-66 (%) … … … 3.8 2.9 …
14 Growth rate of wheat yield 1966-77 (%) 5.8 7.1 7.7 3.3 4.6 0.5
15 Growth rate of wheat yield 1977-85 (%) 3.5 1.9 -1.9 2.5 -0.4 -1.1
16 Growth rate of wheat yield 1985-95 (%) -2.7 -1.7 -0.5 -0.9 -0.4 -1.1
17 Growth rate of wheat production, 1951-66 (%) … … … 4.2 3.5 …
18 Growth rate of wheat production, 1966-77 (%) 8 13.5 4.9 3.9 2.2 -1.4
19 Growth rate of wheat production, 1977-85 (%) 9.5 9.3 -9.6 2.1 0.2 -5
20 Growth rate of wheat production, 1985-95 (%) -3.1 0.4 2.9 1.5 -1.3 -1.9
21 Wheat area as percent of total cereal area (average), 1993-95 (%) 21 26 50 29 38 43
22 Average yield of all cereals, 1993-95 (t/ha) 1.8 2.1 3.1 2.8 2.8 1.4
23 Growth rate of yield of all cereals,            
  1951-95 (%/yr) 2.4 2.2 1 2.2 2.6 0.8
               
  Trade and utilization            
24 Average net imports of wheat, 1992-94 (000 t) 33 122 139 393 858 8667
25 Average net imports of wheat per capita,            
  1992-94 (kg/yr) 13 33 32 10 38 59
26 Average per capita wheat consumption,            
  1992-94 (kg/yr) … … … 225 259 341
27 Growth rate of per capita wheat consumption, 1985-94 (%/yr) … … … -1.3 -0.7 …
               
  Prices and input use            
28 Percent of total wheat area under semidwarf wheat varieties, 1994 … … … 100 77 30
29 Nitrogen applied per hectare of wheat harvested, 1993-94 (kg nutrients/ha) … … … 71 36 6
30 Farm prices of wheat, 1993-94 (US $/ton) … … … 146 147 184
31 Ratio of farm level nitrogen price to wheat price, 1993-94 … … … 3.2 3.4 2.6
32 Farm wage in kg of wheat per day, 1993-94 … … … 46 16 …



* Variables 26 and 27 exclude most of the former Soviet Union due to unavailability of data.

Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union* (cont'd) PRODUCERS CONSUMERS Regional
        Former     total or
    Ukraine Uzbekistan Yugoslavia Belarus Turkmenistan average*
  General indicators            
1 Estimated population, 1995 (million) 51.4 22.8 22.9 10.1 4.1 414.6
2 Estimated growth rate of population,            
  1993-2000 (%/yr) -0.2 2.1 0.6 -0.2 2.1 0.5
3 Per capita income 1994 (US $) 1910 960 3156 2160 … 2158
4 Average per capita cereal production,            
  1993-95 (kg/yr) 699 110 564 635 303 560
5 Growth rate of per capita cereal production, 1985-95 (%/yr) … … -3.2 … … -2.6
               
  Production of wheat and all cereals            
6 Average wheat area harvested,            
  1993-95 (000 ha) 5245 936 1355 134 366 54670
7 Average wheat yield, 1993-95 (t/ha) 3.3 1.4 3.5 2.7 2.2 1.9
8 Average wheat production 1993-95 (000 t) 17320 1305 4801 362 788 101231
9 Growth rate of wheat area 1951-66 (%) … … 0.5 … … 2.4
10 Growth rate of wheat area 1966-77 (%) -0.7 -2.4 -1.6 -4.8 -10 -1.2
11 Growth rate of wheat area 1977-1985 (%) -3.7 -3.2 -1.8 5.2 8.1 -2.5
12 Growth rate of wheat area 1985-95 (%) -1.6 10.4 -0.8 -3 23 -0.9
13 Growth rate of wheat yield 1951-66 (%) … … 5.5 … … 1.5
14 Growth rate of wheat yield 1966-77 (%) 3 -0.9 3.7 7.6 11.5 1.8
15 Growth rate of wheat yield 1977-85 (%) -2.7 -0.1 1.7 -2.5 0.5 -0.2
16 Growth rate of wheat yield 1985-95 (%) 0.4 5.9 -0.4 1.5 4.1 -0.7
17 Growth rate of wheat production, 1951-66 (%) … … 6 … … 3.9
18 Growth rate of wheat production, 1966-77 (%) 2.2 -3.3 2.1 2.8 1.6 0.6
19 Growth rate of wheat production, 1977-85 (%) -6.4 -3.2 -0.1 2.7 8.6 -2.8
20 Growth rate of wheat production, 1985-95 (%) -1.2 16.3 -1.2 -1.5 27.1 -1.6
21 Wheat area as percent of total cereal area (average), 1993-95 (%) 41 63 36 5 68 44
22 Average yield of all cereals, 1993-95 (t/ha) 2.8 1.7 3.4 2.5 2.3 1.9
23 Growth rate of yield of all cereals,            
  1951-95 (%/yr) 1.2 3 2.9 2.9 3.8 2
               
  Trade and utilization            
24 Average net imports of wheat, 1992-94 (000 t) 1500 3917 163 1195 1020 12895
25 Average net imports of wheat per capita,            
  1992-94 (kg/yr) 29 181 7 117 263 31
26 Average per capita wheat consumption,            
  1992-94 (kg/yr) 437 … 171 167 … …
27 Growth rate of per capita wheat consumption, 1985-94 (%/yr) … … -4.4 … … -2.5
               
  Prices and input use            
28 Percent of total wheat area under semidwarf wheat varieties, 1994 … … … … … 49
29 Nitrogen applied per hectare of wheat harvested, 1993-94 (kg nutrients/ha) … … … … … 15
30 Farm prices of wheat, 1993-94 (US $/ton) … … … … … …
31 Ratio of farm level nitrogen price to wheat price, 1993-94 … … … … … …
32 Farm wage in kg of wheat per day, 1993-94 … … … … … …


* Variables 26 and 27 exclude most of the former Soviet Union due to unavailability of data.

© CIMMYT

Selected Wheat Statisics